Fahimtar halin wutar lantarki ya haifar da ɗagawa mai ban mamaki a rayuwar matsakaicin mutum. Tun daga dafa abinci da hasken wuta zuwa tabbatar da tsarin najasa yana aiki yadda ya kamata, babu iyaka ga fa'idodin da fahimta da amfani da wutar lantarki suka samu. Duk da haka, idan ka binciko injiniyoyin lantarki da masana kimiyya ka tambaye su ta wace hanya ce ta halin yanzu, za ka samu wasu suna cewa daga mai kyau zuwa mara kyau wasu kuma suna cewa daga mara kyau zuwa tabbatacce.
Me ke bayarwa?
Wannan lamari ne mai ban mamaki wanda ya ƙunshi wani abu mai mahimmanci mai mahimmanci - ainihin kowane na'ura na lantarki yana sarrafa wutar lantarki don tabbatar da wasu sakamako masu amfani. A halin yanzu shine tsaka-tsaki tsakanin buƙatar shigarwa da fitarwa. Ya ba da hankali ga masana kimiyya cewa ana iya samar da halin yanzu kuma yana gudana daga tabbatacce zuwa mara kyau, wani abu da aka sani da shi na al'ada halin yanzu kwarara.
Wannan yana da ma'ana, amma wani bangare na halin yanzu wanda babu muhawara shine ainihin abin da yake yanzu - yana motsi electrons. Menene electrons? Su ƙananan ƙwayoyin subatomic ne tare da caji mara kyau. Ilimin kimiyyar lissafi ne cewa ions masu cajin da ba su da kyau suna jawo hankalin caji mai kyau, don haka daga baya, a tsakiyar shekarun 1900, masu fasahar lantarki a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu sun yanke shawarar cewa ya fi ma'ana cewa electrons suna sha'awar caji mai kyau, don haka halin yanzu dole ne ya gudana tabbatacce. zuwa korau. Wannan ya sanar da duk kayan aikin horar da injiniyoyin Amurka, don haka bayan yakin, imanin cewa kwararar wutar lantarki ya haifar da kwararar na yanzu ya yadu.
Me yasa Wannan Yana da Muhimmanci?
Ba kome ba ko wane shugabanci na yanzu injiniyan lantarki ke amfani da shi, kamar yadda binciken da'irar ke aiki don zato. Lallai ba komai tare da abubuwan haɗin AC. Koyaya, DC, wanda ya zo tare da kwararar hanya guda ɗaya, na iya shafar ka'idar da ke bayan abubuwan haɗin gwiwa. Misali, TRIACs (duka na DC da AC), wanda ke gudanar da halin yanzu a cikin duka kwatance, dogara ga yin amfani da halin yanzu mai kyau ko mara kyau ga ƙofar, don haka ga masana kimiyya waɗanda suke son fahimtar abubuwan lantarki da gaske waɗanda suke aiki da su, tsarin tafiyar da wutar lantarki muhimmin batu ne na ka'idar.
Tafiya na Yanzu
Idan electrons ne suka jagoranci halin yanzu a duniya, batun zai iya zama mai sauƙi, amma abin da ke jefa spanner a cikin ayyukan shine shigar da wasu barbashi. Lokacin da aka haɗa baturi zuwa wayar tagulla, tabbataccen tashar baturin yana cire electrons daga saman saman atomic Layer na jan karfe atom. Atom ɗin jan ƙarfe ya zama ingantaccen caji, yana jan ƙarin electrons zuwa gare shi kuma yana haifar da kwarara. Koyaya, akwai keɓancewa ga motsin lantarki. Wasu lokuta gabaɗayan ions suna ba da gudummawa ga halin yanzu, kamar a cikin wasu semiconductor har ma a cikin batura. A cikin waɗannan lokuta, motsi ba motsin lantarki ne ke jagorantar kwararar ba amma a zahiri ta rashin na'urar lantarki (saboda haka ingantaccen caji). Wannan yana nufin magudanar ruwa yana tafiya daga korau zuwa tabbatacce. Ana kiran kayan da waɗannan kaddarorin P-type kayan, yana nufin ingantaccen cajin su.
Kasancewa nau'in nau'in P suna da nau'in nau'in P yana nuna cewa yawancin wutar lantarki yana gudana daga tabbatacce zuwa korau, kuma wannan yana da wuya a ƙi. Wani abu da ke yada muhawara shine keɓanta ga ƙa'ida, da kuma gaskiyar cewa ana koyar da kwararar yau da kullun a yawancin makarantun injiniya.
