Ma'adinan Bitcoin wani tsari ne wanda aka inganta bayanan ma'amalar Bitcoin da adana shi akan blockchain. Har ila yau, abin ƙarfafawa ne ga mutane don samar da ikon lissafin su don taimakawa wajen tallafawa hanyar sadarwa, ta yadda za a tabbatar da cewa an aiwatar da ma'amaloli cikin inganci da amintattu.
Masu hakar ma'adinai suna tattara ma'amaloli zuwa abin da ake kira 'blocks'. Kowane toshe yana ƙunshe da zanta na tubalan da ya gabata, don haka duk tubalan tare suna yin sarka, don haka kalmar 'blockchain'. Hakanan zaka iya ziyarta Juyin Juya Halin Bitcoin idan kuna sha'awar kasuwancin bitcoin.
Farashin BTC
Don ƙara wani ma'amala zuwa blockchain, dole ne ku “na” shi.
Ma'adinai ba kawai game da ƙara sababbin ma'amaloli a cikin tubalan ba - har ma game da tabbatar da cewa duk abin da ke cikin sigar blockchain ɗinku daidai ne. Musamman ma, yana tabbatar da cewa babu wata ma'amalar ku da za ta rushe ta hanyar ma'amaloli na gaba, don haka duk kasuwancin ku za su ƙare kamar yadda ake tsammani.
Lokacin da aka fara sabon ciniki, dole ne a shiga layi don hakowa cikin toshe. Ana jera ma'amaloli a cikin tsari da kowa ke karɓar su akan hanyar sadarwa. Masu hakar ma'adinai suna da software da ke zaɓar wanne ma'amaloli je gaba a layi don toshewar su, don haka babu tabbacin duk wani ciniki da aka bayar za a ƙara shi zuwa toshe na gaba, amma yawanci ma'amaloli masu tsada kawai suna daɗe da tabbatar da haɗawa cikin tubalan da yawa.
Lokacin da software na ma'adinai ke zaɓar sabon tsarin ma'amala don yin aiki akan kowane minti 10 ko makamancin haka (matsakaicin halin yanzu), yana zaɓar bisa ga ka'idodin da aka tsara don baiwa masu hakar ma'adinai "masu gaskiya" fa'ida akan "maguɗi" waɗanda ke ƙoƙarin yin abubuwa kamar kashewa sau biyu.
Mai hakar ma'adinai na farko don ƙara wani sashe na ma'amaloli a cikin toshe yana samun toshewar su zuwa ƙarshen blockchain, sa'an nan kuma duk sauran nodes a cikin hanyar sadarwar sun fara aiki don faɗaɗa wannan sarkar (saboda haka "blockchain"). Lokacin da software na Bitcoin ya shiga hanyar sadarwar takwaro-da-tsara kuma ya fara sauraron sababbin ma'amaloli, ba shi da hanyar sanin waɗanne ne aka ƙaddara muku da waɗanda za a iya zuwa wani wuri. Dalilin da ya sa za mu iya amincewa da software na Bitcoin shine cewa babu wani wanda ya kamata ya amince da shi; kowane kumburi da aka haɗa zuwa cibiyar sadarwar Bitcoin yana tabbatar da kowace ma'amala kafin karɓe ta a matsayin gaske. Idan kuna ƙoƙarin samun wanda bai yarda da ku ba kwata-kwata (kuma bari mu ce suna da ikon gudanar da kumburi akan hanyar sadarwar Bitcoin), dole ne ku yaudare su.
Don yaudarar kumburi, dole ne ku haɗa wasu bayanai a cikin ma'amalar ku waɗanda ke gaya wa software ɗin su aiki koda kuwa ba haka bane. Wato ana kiranta “redirect”. A aikace, wannan yana nufin cewa aƙalla ɗaya daga cikin sauran ma'amaloli a cikin toshewar ku za ta zama taku ta lalace saboda kuna kashe tsabar kuɗi daga wata ma'amalar da ta faru daga baya bisa tsarin lokaci amma wani ya sanya shi a baya a cikin jerin mempool. Ka yi tunanin mai biyan kuɗi wanda ya yi ƙoƙari ya yaudari ɗan kasuwa ta hanyar aika kwafin kuɗin guda sau da yawa; daya ne kawai zai yi nasara kuma ya zama mai inganci yayin da duk wasu suka yi asarar kudadensu don kasancewa a matsayi na biyu. Hanyar da tsarin hakar ma'adinai ke yanke shawarar waɗanne ma'amaloli ba su da inganci kuma waɗanda suke da inganci shine ta ko suna da hash "mafi girma" ko "ƙananan" fiye da toshe na yanzu. A zahiri, idan kun tweaked kowane fanni na ma'amala a cikin sabon toshe kwata-kwata - yana ƙara kuɗin sa ya zama mafi girma, alal misali - zai ƙirƙiri ƙimar zanta gaba ɗaya kuma ta haka sakamako daban. Tsarin hakar ma'adinan yana amfani da wasu bayanai daga kowace ma'amala don samar da lambar ID ta musamman wacce ke taimaka masa ta lura da wacce ma'amaloli ke shiga cikin waɗanne tubalan. Wannan lambar ID ana kiranta tushen tushen Merkle.
Jerin Abubuwan Abubuwan Da Aka Yi Don Haƙar Ma'adinai
Jerin abubuwan da suka faru don karafa block yana tafiya kamar haka:
1) Software na ma'adinai yana tattara sabbin ma'amaloli daga hanyar sadarwa ta abokan-zuwa-tsara kuma sanya su a cikin mempool (jerin ma'amaloli da ke jiran a hako su cikin toshe).
2) Software na ma'adinai yana zaɓar ma'amala daga mempool ɗin da ke biyan isassun kudade don haɗawa cikin sabon toshe.
3) Software na ma'adinai yana ƙididdige adadin da bai dace ba (lambar bazuwar). 4) Software na ma'adinai yana amfani da nonce tare da wasu bayanai game da toshe na yanzu don samar da wata lamba: hash na block.
5) Idan wannan hash ɗin bai cika wasu takamaiman buƙatu ba, yana komawa zuwa mataki na 3 don wani nonce. Idan ya yi, to mun sami nasarar hako wani sabon toshe!
Duk waɗannan ana yin su ne ta hanyar kayan aikin "haƙar ma'adinai" - ASICs da aka tsara musamman don sarrafa SHA-256 ta amfani da ingantaccen haɗin kayan masarufi da software. Domin samun nasara kamar yadda zai yiwu Bitcoin tare da kayan aikin hakar ma'adinai, kuna son ƙididdige hashes da sauri.
