Animation a cikin duniyar zamani
Ya zuwa yau, rayarwa a matsayin wani ɓangare na al'adun allo da al'adun sinima ya yaɗu kuma ya haɓaka. Bukatun kasuwa, wanda aka bayyana a cikin buƙatun masu sauraro da kuma babban matakin kulawa ga irin wannan nau'in abun ciki na bidiyo, ya haifar da tushe mai tushe don ci gaba da ci gaba na sararin samaniya a wurare da yawa. Har ila yau, kamar yadda masana suka lura, sabbin fasahohin fasaha da haɓakawa a fagen kayan aikin da ake amfani da su don ƙirƙirar raye-raye kawai suna haɓaka mahimmancin wannan fanni na aiki.
A cewar masu bincike a fagen, an karɓi raye-raye a matsayin keɓantaccen nau'in kerawa na gani na gani na musamman, wanda ya bambanta ba kawai a cikin fasalolin fasaha da hanyoyin ƙirƙirar samfuran ƙirƙira ba har ma a cikin ma'anar bayyanawa da fasaha [1]. A cikin wannan kewayon halaye, ƙwararru sun gano babban bambanci tsakanin rayarwa da nau'ikan fina-finai daban-daban.
Babban tsananin canje-canje a cikin fasahar fasaha da al'adu yana ba da gudummawa ga ci gaban fannin rayarwa, dangane da abin da masu binciken suka bayyana faɗaɗa nau'ikan nau'ikan a cikin wannan jagorar. A lokaci guda kuma, kamar yadda masana suka lura, wannan fasalin yana da alaƙa da mafi girma ba tare da fasahar dijital ba amma tare da faɗaɗa wuraren amfani da su. Masu bincike kuma sun lura da yanayin da ake amfani da fasahar tsayawa-motsi tare da haɓaka haɓakawa a cikin sinima da wasan kwaikwayo.
Ƙayyadaddun abubuwan raye-raye na zamani da kuma abubuwan da suka faru na motsin motsi
Dangane da ayyuka a cikin wannan yanki, tasirin haɗin gwiwar duniya yana ba da gudummawa sosai ga haɓaka raye-rayen tasha, wanda kuma ya haifar da sabbin damar ƙirƙira da wuraren aikace-aikacen da haɓakawa [2]. Manyan masu bincike a wannan fanni sun bayyana abin da ya faru na wasan motsa jiki na dakatar da motsi kamar yadda ya wuce alkiblar fasaha, da kuma hadewar al'amuran zamantakewa da al'adu da fasaha, gwajin kimiyya a cikin yanayin kirkire-kirkire.
Ƙimar motsin rai yana girma kowace shekara kuma ya wuce silima da sassansa. Yankin yana ɗaukar halayen tsaka-tsaki yayin haɗa kayan aiki mai wadatarwa da al'adun al'adu da yawa. Wani muhimmin sashi na wannan ci gaban shine yanayin zamantakewa da haɗin kai na al'adu.
Fasaha a Ci gaban Animation
A cikin hanyoyin zamani da ayyuka a fagen nazarin rayarwa, akwai wasu bambance-bambance a cikin ma'anar ma'anar ra'ayi na duniya, da takamaiman dabaru da kayan aiki. Duk da haka, marubucin labarin ya lura cewa duk fassarori da ma'anoni sun yarda da cewa abin da ya faru na "motsin motsi" shine babban abu a cikin ci gaba da bayanin raye-raye a matsayin darektan ayyukan sana'a.
Har ila yau, sanannen fassarar motsin rai da fasalinsa shine ra'ayi mai zuwa: rayarwa shine ƙirƙirar ruɗin motsin abu ta hanyar harbi a cikin tsarin firam-by-frame, kuma ana amfani da duk wani abu mai mahimmanci da abubuwan fasaha don cimma sakamako.
Bugu da ƙari, a cikin ayyuka daban-daban, masu bincike na yanki suna ƙoƙari su tsara ma'anar motsin rai don yin la'akari da ainihin, ƙayyadaddun bayanai, da fasaha na wannan yanki na ayyukan ƙirƙira da fasaha a cikin mafi cikakken hanyar [3]. Don haka, a wurare da yawa, ana fahimtar motsin rai a matsayin wani nau'i na fasaha, wanda tushensa shine adadi na fasaha da aka ƙirƙira ta hanyar yin amfani da zane ko harhada na musamman na hotunan tsana masu girma uku. A lokaci guda kuma, masu binciken sun lura cewa wani muhimmin fasali shi ne rikodi na firam-by-frame na harbi, da kuma tsarin hotunan da ke rayuwa a kan allon. Bangaren fasaha na rayarwa a cikin sigar sa na yau da kullun shine hasashen motsi a cikin saurin firam 24 a cikin daƙiƙa guda, wanda ke samun tasirin gani na motsi da raye-rayen hotuna da haruffa akan allo.
Ayyuka da yawa a wannan yanki sun gano daidaici na raye-raye a matsayin aikin al'adu tare da tsoffin zane-zanen dutse. Masana sun danganta waɗannan al'amuran al'adu tare da sha'awar ɗan adam don isar da kuzari da aiki a cikin fasahar ƙirƙirar hotuna. Har ila yau, masu bincike sun sami tabbacin wannan ra'ayi a cikin tarihin al'adun ɗan adam gaba ɗaya.
Wasu masu bincike suna danganta haɓakar raye-raye a matsayin jagorar aiki tare da juyin juya hali na tunani, wanda ke nuna lokacin samuwar tunanin mutum na zahiri, wanda kuma ya rinjayi sha'awar nuna kuzarin duniyar da ke kewaye a cikin samfuran al'adu.
A lokacin haɓakar silima, raye-raye sun bayyana azaman kayan aiki na jagorar ƙirƙira na gani, wanda ke da alaƙa da ƙirƙirar tushen gani da kuzari a fage na cinematic. A cikin ci gaba da haɓakawa, ƙwararrun masana da al'umma gaba ɗaya sun fara fahimtar wasan kwaikwayon a matsayin babban al'amari fiye da kayan aikin sinima. Yankin ya fara samar da nasa dokokin don ƙirƙirar wata gaskiya ta daban wacce za a iya bambanta da samfuran silima na gargajiya.
Ma'anar motsin motsa jiki tasha
Har zuwa yau, rayarwa ta samo asali daga kasancewa wani ɓangare na kayan aikin fim zuwa sabon nau'in fasahar gani na gani. A wannan mataki, raye-rayen tsayawa-motsi yana samun nasa tsarin ci gaba a matsayin darekta mai zaman kansa.
Babban bayanin raye-rayen tsayawa-motsi, bisa ga ɗimbin maɓuɓɓuka, shi ne raye-raye-raye-raye-raye-raye-raye-raye-raye-raye, wanda aka harbe shi bi da bi, kuma manyan abubuwan wannan harbin su ne siffofi na zahiri da haruffan da suka ƙunshi kayan jiki [4]. Bambance-bambancen zaɓin abu ya ta'allaka ne a cikin yuwuwar tasirin kayan ta hanyar ƙwararren raye-raye.
Hanyoyi masu motsi
Bisa ga binciken da yawa kan ka'idoji da kuma abubuwan da suka dace na amfani da rayarwa, ana iya raba shi zuwa manyan bangarori uku.
Mahimmin alkibla kuma ta farko ita ce raye-rayen da aka zana da hannu. A fasaha, wannan jagorar tana da ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun bayanai, wanda kowane sabon firam ɗin ke da hoto daban [2]. Wannan shugabanci ya shahara musamman a cikin aikin masu ninkawa na karni na ashirin. Rukunin fasaha na wannan jagorar ya dogara ne akan gaskiyar cewa duk abubuwan raye-rayen an halicce su da hannu sannan kuma a canza su zuwa zanen gado na gaskiya, sannan aiwatar da aiwatar da fenti da ƙirƙirar firam.
A matsayin jagora na biyu, masu bincike sun ware motsin kwamfuta. Kwanan nan, wannan jagorar ta kasance mafi haɓakawa a cikin yankuna daban-daban, kuma raye-rayen kwamfuta shima ya mamaye matsayi mafi girma a kasuwa [5]. Faɗin fasahar fasaha yana ƙayyade nau'ikan hanyoyi, dabaru, da kayan aikin da ake amfani da su wajen ƙirƙirar samfuran motsin kwamfuta. Bi da bi, animation na kwamfuta ya kasu kashi biyu na asali: 2D animation da 3D animation. Nau'in farko yana nuna ta hanyar ƙirƙirar hoto mai girma biyu. Zurfafawa da ƙayyadaddun kundin kuɗaɗen da ke kusa da ainihin tsinkayen abubuwa suna nunawa a cikin motsin 3D.
Hanya na uku, wanda ake kira "tasha-motsi animation," yana da alaƙa da hanyoyin gwaji da kayan aiki. Siffar jagorar ita ce mai raye-raye yana amfani da takamaiman yanayin motsi, wanda aka sake ƙirƙira firam ta firam.
Bibliography
- "Tsarin abubuwan rayarwa" na P. Wells, 2006
- "Dabarun wasan kwaikwayo na fim" na J. Halas, R. Manvell, 1970
- "Hanyoyin da aka jagoranci mai fasaha don raye-raye na 2D" na Y. Bai, DM Kaufman, CK Liu, J. Popović, 2016
- "Dakatar da motsin rai" na A. Thomas, N. Tufano, 2010
- "Tsarin motsin motsin hoto don dakatar da motsin motsi" na GJ Brostow, I. Essa, 2001
About the Author:
Riabokon Taras
Masanin zane na bidiyo
Wanda ya kafa aikin rayarwa na 2D "FX MONSTER"
