Utshintsho kukugembula lube ngumxholo obangela iingxabano kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo. Akunakwenzeka ukuba nabani na avumelane ngemithetho efanayo - enye ikona ihlala iphikisana ngelithi imithetho ingqongqo kakhulu ngelixa elinye icala likhuthaza imiqathango engqongqo. Into enye exoxwe rhoqo ngoorhulumente kwihlabathi liphela yingcamango yeebhokisi zokuphanga kwimidlalo.
Ziziphi iibhokisi zokuphanga?
Iibhokisi zokuphanga zongezwa ezongezelelweyo ezinokuthi abadlali bazithenge ngemali yokwenyani yehlabathi. Imixholo yeebhokisi ayicwangciswanga - abadlali banikwa uluhlu lwezinto ezinokubakho ezinokuzifumana ebhokisini, ukusuka kwindlela ezixabiseke ngayo kumdlalo. Nangona ingcamango yeebhokisi zokuphanga iyinto entsha, indlela ezijongwa ngayo iye yatshintsha kwiminyaka yakutshanje emva kokuba kubhengezwe ukuba abanye abadlali abaselula bathabathe ikhadi lokuthenga ngetyala lomzali ukuze bathenge iibhokisi.
Eyona ngxoxo inkulu ngezi bhokisi kukuba azifani kakhulu ekungcakazeni. Xa ungcakaza uyazi ukuba unokuphumelela ibhaso lexabiso elikhulu, ibhaso elincinci, okanye akukho nto. Xa uvula iibhokisi zokuphanga uqinisekisiwe ukufumana into, kodwa inokuba yinto enexabiso eliphantsi okanye ixabiso eliphezulu. Indlela ezisebenza ngayo iibhokisi zokuphanga izibeka kwinqanaba elifanayo neloomatshini bokungcakaza okanye amakhadi okukrwempa. Umahluko kunye nokungcakaza kukuba kukho umda weminyaka kunye nemimiselo ekhoyo ukukhusela abantu abaselula engozini. Imidlalo eneebhokisi eziphangaleleyo, njengeFIFA, idla ngokudlalwa ngabantu abangaphantsi kweminyaka eli-18 (iminyaka yobudala esemthethweni yokungcakaza kumazwe amaninzi) nto leyo ekhokelela ekubeni abantu abancinci babe sesichengeni sokungcakaza okunokukhokelela ekubeni likhoboka.
Kutheni abantu bechasene neebhokisi zokuphanga?
Asikuko ukuba abantu bachasene neebhokisi zempahla eziphangiweyo ngokwabo, kodwa ngakumbi kukuba akukho mithetho ikhoyo ebangqongileyo – nangona zinika abantu indlela yokungcakaza. Abakhankaseli baye bathi iibhokisi zempahla eziphangiweyo zijolise ngokukodwa kubantu abathi imithetho yokungcakaza yenzelwe ukubakhusela, kwaye akukho migaqo ikhoyo yokuthintela oku. Ngo-Epreli 2021, uphando olwenziwe ngabaphandi kwiYunivesithi yasePlymouth naseWolverhampton University lufumanise ukuba iibhokisi zempahla “zifana ngokwesakhiwo nangokwengqondo nokungcakaza”. Kolu phando lunye, lufumanise ukuba inani elikhulu labantwana lalivula iibhokisi zempahla eziphangiweyo – kwi-93% yabantwana abadlala imidlalo yevidiyo, i-40% yayivule iibhokisi zempahla eziphangiweyo. Xa ucinga ukuba ibhokisi yokuphanga idla ngokunika abantu imali ebonakalayo ukuze baphumelele ibhaso elibonakalayo, kulula ukubona ukuba kutheni olu hlobo lokungcakaza kufuneka lujongwe ngokusondeleyo, ingakumbi xa lunikezelwa kwabo bangaphantsi kweminyaka eli-18 ubudala. Abakhankasi bathi le ndlela yokusebenzisa iibhokisi zokuphanga ifana nezibonelelo zekhasino zentengiso kwindawo yomdlalo wevidiyo kwaye ngenxa yoko, kufuneka iphathwe ngendlela efanayo nezinye iindlela zokungcakaza, apho kufuneka ube ngaphezulu kweminyaka eli-18 ubudala kwaye ubonise uhlobo oluqinisekisiweyo lwesazisi sefoto ukuze ukwazi ukuthatha inxaxheba kwi-intanethi.
Olu phononongo alulodwa ekufumaneni ikhonkco – abaphandi abaninzi baye balumkisa ngomonakalo onokwenziwa ziibhokisi zokuphanga, kwaye oorhulumente baqalile ukumamela. IBelgium yaba lelinye lamazwe okuqala ukuvala iibhokisi zokuphanga xa bebhengeza ukuba azikho mthethweni kwi-2018. Urhulumente waseBelgium wabiza iibhokisi zokuphanga "ukuphulwa komthetho wongcakazo". Umthetho omtsha wawuthetha ukuba naziphi na iibhokisi zokuphanga ezinokuthi zithengwe ngemali yokwenene kufuneka zisuswe kwimidlalo yevidiyo eBelgium. Ukungaphumeleli ukuthobela kungabangela ukuba iinkampani zijamelane nolingo lolwaphulo-mthetho, isohlwayo esinokufikelela kwi-£700,000, okanye ukuya kutsho kwiminyaka emi-5 entolongweni kubapapashi.
Ngaba i-UK iyakubona ukuValwa kweebhokisi zokuphanga?
IBelgium ayisiyo kuphela inkampani ethethe ngokuthintela iibhokisi zempahla eziphangiweyo. Utshintsho kurhulumente wase-UK luhlaziyiwe ukuze lubandakanye ingxoxo malunga neebhokisi zempahla eziphangiweyo kunye nokuba semthethweni kwazo, ngenxa yendlela ezibangela umlutha ngayo. UMthetho wokuGembula ka-2005 wangoku awugubungeli iibhokisi zempahla eziphangiweyo, oko kuthetha ukuba iqumrhu elilawulayo alinakusebenzisa amandla alo ngokuchasene nabashicileli.
NgoJuni ka-2020, uRhulumente wase-UK waphehlelela “umnxeba wobungqina”, ejonga ifuthe leebhokisi zokuphangwa kwindlela yokuziphatha efana nokungcakaza kunye nokuba likhoboka elinokubakho. Ikhwelo lobungqina lidlulele kumnxeba obanzi wobungqina bokwenzakala ngokubanzi okunxulumene nokungcakaza, phambi kwePhepha leNgcaciso yoMgaqo-nkqubo ekulindeleke ukuba lipapashwe ngoMeyi ka-2022.
IPhepha leNgcacisonkqubo lifana noyilo lokuqala lomthetho omtsha. Amaphepha eNgcaciso yoMgaqo-nkqubo akhululwa anezihloko zengxoxo ngokubanzi, eziya kuthi ke kuxoxwe ngazo kwaye ezinokuthi zifakwe emthethweni kwinkqubo yeenyanga ezininzi zophuhliso. IPhepha leNgcaciso yoMgaqo-nkqubo kaMeyi ka-2022 kulindeleke ukuba lidwelise iindawo oluza kugxila kuzo uhlaziyo longcakazo. UK Gambling Commission sele ibhengeze ukuba iintengiso abasavunyelwa ukuba babonise naluphi na uhlobo inkcubeko ulutsha okanye ukuba naluphi na isibheno abantu abatsha. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku akukabikho lizwi malunga nokuba urhulumente uya kujonga njani iibhokisi zokuphanga, kodwa kuqwalaselwa umnxeba wobungqina obubhengezwe kusenokwenzeka ukuba siza kubona uhlobo oluthile lolawulo lomdlalo wevidiyo wongcakazo, nokuba ukuvalwa okuthe ngqo kwiibhokisi zokuphanga akukho '. t icetywayo.
Ikamva leebhokisi zokuphanga
Nangona kucingelwa ngokubanzi ukuba i-UK ayizukuhamba ukuya kuthi ga ekuyekisweni kweebhokisi zokuphanga, yamkelwe ngokubanzi ukuba ezinye iimeko ezingqongileyo ziya kufuneka zidlale. Xa ucinga ukuba imidlalo efana neFIFA yeBhola ekhatywayo ibonelela ngeebhokisi zokuphanga kunye ne-microtransactions, kulula ukubona ukuba kutheni kuya kufuneka sibe nesikhokelo endaweni. Inxalenye enobuqhinga iya kuza nokuphumeza le migaqo; umzekelo, ngenxa yokuba umthetho kukuba kufuneka ube ngaphezu kweminyaka eyi-18 ukuthatha inxaxheba, oku kuya kuba nzima ukubeka iliso nge-intanethi kunye nemidlalo yekhompyutha ejoliswe kuyo yonke iminyaka. Oku mhlawumbi esinye sezizathu ukuba nayiphi na imimiselo ithatha ixesha elide ukuhlanganisa, kuba kufuneka balawule loo msebenzi kwaye banokujongwa kwaye kunokuba nzima ukwenza - nangona ukulandela impembelelo yekhasino ye-intanethi ngokuqinisekileyo kuya kunceda.
