Njengoba amasathelayithi ethu azungeza amakhulu kuya ezinkulungwaneni zamakhilomitha ngaphezu kwethu, akukho ukushoda kokutholwe yisayensi. Izazi zezinkanyezi zisebenzise izibonakude ebhodini ukuze ziqoqe ulwazi ngama-asteroid kanye nezinkanyezi ezinomsila ezidlula eMhlabeni. Abanye ososayensi basebenzise amabhasi e-satellite ukuze uqonde isimo sezulu kangcono, ugade umsebenzi wentaba-mlilo, futhi ufunde kabanzi mayelana ne-Great Red Spot. Ziningi kakhulu izinto ezingenzeka ngala mathuluzi abalulekile emkhathini.
Masiqhubeke nokufunda ukuze sazi ukuthi amabhasi asathelayithi angakwazi yini ukufunda izidumbu zeqhwa ezingaqondakali kanye ne-cosmos.
Isimo Samanje Esihlobene Nokwethulwa Kwebhasi Lesathelayithi Yokufunda
Amabhasi amaningana esiphuphutheki athunyelwa emkhathini ukuze ahlole izindikimba ezineqhwa zesimiso sethu sonozungezilanga nendawo yonke. Ithimba lososayensi abavela eJet Propulsion Laboratory ye-NASA e-Pasadena, eCalifornia, basebenzela iphrojekthi entsha ezolivumela ukuthi licwaninge lezi zinhlaka ngokuningiliziwe. Ososayensi bayingxenye ye-NASA's New Frontiers Programme, ehlela umsebenzi wokuzikhandla wokuhlola ezinye zezinto ezithakazelisayo ohlelweni lwethu sonozungezilanga.
Inhloso yokuqala yalolu hlelo ngu Inyanga kaJupiter e-Europa. Le nyanga imbozwe ngamanzi neqhwa futhi inolwandle ngaphansi kwayo. Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi i-Europa ingaba nezinhlobo zokuphila ezifana nalezo ezitholakala eMhlabeni ngoba inezimo ezifanayo ezisekela ukuphila lapha eMhlabeni: amanzi awuketshezi nokukhanya kwelanga. Abacwaningi bathemba ukuthi umgomo wabo uzosiza ekuphenduleni imibuzo mayelana nokuthi ingabe kukhona ukuphila kwenye indawo esimisweni sethu sonozungezilanga.
Ososayensi nabo bafuna ukwazi okwengeziwe ngendlela amaplanethi akha ngayo ezungeze izinkanyezi emthaleni wethu, ngakho bahlela ukutadisha enye yala maplanethi besebenzisa isimiso sabo sesathelayithi noma umkhumbi-mkhathi. Bafuna ukuthola ukuthi la maplanethi akheka kanjani, okungasisiza siqonde ukuthi iplanethi yethu yakha kanjani izigidi zeminyaka edlule lapho ukuphila kungakabikho.
Amacebo Esikhathi Esizayo
Ososayensi bahlela ukuthumela iziphuphutheki ezengeziwe emkhathini ukuze zicwaninge ngezindikimba zeqhwa ezingaqondakali nomkhathi. Imishini yebhasi yesathelayithi, ebizwa ngokuthi i-CubeSat Asteroid Survey, izoqukatha uxhaxha lwamasathelayithi amancane amise okwe-cube azothunyelwa ku-orbit ezungeze uMhlaba ukuze aqoqe idatha yama-asteroids nezinye izinto zasemkhathini.
Lo msebenzi wamenyezelwa yi-NASA ngoDisemba 12 futhi uholwa ososayensi base-Arizona State University's School of Earth and Space Exploration (SESE). Ithimba le-SESE lizobe lisebenzisana neJet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) yeNASA ePasadena, eCalifornia, kanye namanye amanyuvesi amaningana ezweni lonke.
ICubeSat Asteroid Survey iyingxenye yeNASA Uhlelo Lobuchwepheshe Lwemikhumbi-mkhathi Encane (SSTP), ehlose ukuthuthukisa imikhumbi-mkhathi encane engenza imisebenzi yesayensi ewusizo ngemali encane kunemishini emikhulu.
Ama-CubeSats amaningi angama-intshi angu-4 ubude futhi anesisindo esingamakhilogremu ambalwa kuphela. Ama-CASS CubeSats azoba mancane nakakhulu - ububanzi obungamayintshi angu-2 kuphela, kodwa azoba namandla anele okutadisha ama-asteroid eduze kusetshenziswa amakhamera noma ezinye izinsimbi. Bazokwazi futhi ukubona iqhwa kuma-asteroids ngokukala ukukhanya kwawo kwe-infrared.
Kuzokwenzekani Uma Amabhasi Esathelayithi Engafunda Imizimba Engaqondakali Emhlabeni Wonke?
Amasathelayithi asevele enikeza imininingwane emisha ngomkhathi wethu nezinto ezineqhwa ezisemkhathini ezikuwo. Kodwa kuthiwani uma besingathumela ibhasi lesathelayithi ukuze liyocwaninga ngenkanyezi enomsila, i-asteroid, noma enye indikimba eneqhwa?
Kungaba ushintsho kusayensi yeplanethi, okusivumela ukuthi sifunde okwengeziwe ngale mihlaba engaqondakali kunangaphambili.
I-European Space Agency (ESA) ibambisene ne-B612 Foundation kumishini ebizwa ngokuthi i-Sentinel, okuhloswe ngayo ukuthumela isibonakude sokubona endaweni ejulile. Ngokungeziwe ekutadisheni izinto ezifana nenkanyezi enomsila nama-asteroids, i-Sentinel izophinde ibheke imithelela engaba khona eMhlabeni kusukela kulezi zinto nezinye ezikude kakhulu kuSolar System yethu.
Lolu hlobo lobuchwepheshe lubalulekile ekuvikeleni Umhlaba emadwaleni ayingozi asemkhathini angadala izinhlekelele zomhlaba wonke uma engasishaya.
Kwenzekani Ezintweni Ezineqhwa noma Iqhwa Emkhathini?
Izinto ezineqhwa emkhathini azilula njengoba ungase ucabange. Impendulo yalowo mbuzo incike ekutheni iluhlobo luni lwento nendawo ekuyo.
Ngokwethiyori, iqhwa lingakheka emkhathini lapho ama-molecule amanzi evezwa emisebeni evela eLangeni noma kweminye imithombo futhi eqala ukuhlukana. Khona-ke njengoba la ma-molecule ehlukana, abe ionized. Lawa ma-ion abe esehlangana namanye ama-ion ukuze akhe udaba oluqinile. Le yindlela iqhwa elakheka ngayo emkhathini.
Isibonelo, uma kuyinkanyezi yelanga, izoncishiswa ukusebenzisana kwamandla adonsela phansi neLanga namaplanethi. Kodwa uma kuyi-asteroid esimisweni sonozungezilanga esingaphandle, izoqhubeka ihamba ngesivinini esifanayo nangesiqondiso phakade.
Izinto ezineqhwa ezisemkhathini, njengezinkanyezi ezinomsila nama-asteroids, zingafudunyezwa yiLanga, futhi ukufudumala kungase kubangele ukuthi zibe ne-sublimate (jika ngokuqondile eqhweni eliqinile libe umhwamuko wamanzi ngaphandle kokuba uketshezi kuqala).
I-sublimation kungenzeka futhi uma kungekho mthombo wokushisa kodwa i-vacuum. Ngenxa yokuthi awukho umfutho womoya, kulokhu, ama-molecule aseqhweni awakwazi ukubamba izimo zawo futhi ahlukane abe izingcezu ezincane. Le nqubo ibizwa ngokuthi i-sublimation ngoba yenzeka ngaphandle kokudlula esiteji soketshezi.
Into eneqhwa emkhathini ekugcineni izophenduka ibe umdondoshiya wegesi. Isizathu salokhu ukuthi umfutho weqhwa uzoshintsha njengoba lihamba emkhathini, libangele ukuthi lihwamuke noma linciphe. Isimiso sethu sonozungezilanga sinezindawo ezintathu zeqhwa ezaziwayo: i-Pluto, i-Enceladus, ne-Europa.
Ubuso bePluto bumbozwe iqhwa le-nitrogen, elibusa ukwakheka komhlaba wonke. Ingcindezi ku-Pluto iphansi kakhulu, ngakho leli qhwa lingakwazi ukuzithoba ngaphandle kokushintsha libe yigesi, futhi yilokhu okwenzeka eqhweni emkhathini.
amazwi okugcina
Ama-ejensi asemkhathini emhlabeni wonke abelokhu efuna izindlela zokutadisha izinkanyezi ezineqhwa nendawo yonke, futhi zithole ukuthi enye yezindlela ezingcono kakhulu zokwenza lokhu iwukusebenzisa ibhasi lesathelayithi.
Ukwethula ibhasi lesathelayithi emkhathini kuvumela ososayensi ukuthi babone izinto ezenzeka ezindaweni ezikude eMhlabeni noma kwezinye izingxenye zesimiso sethu sonozungezilanga. Lezi ziphuphutheki ziye zasivumela ukuba sithole amaplanethi amasha, sibone isimo sezulu kwamanye amaplanethi nezinyanga, ngisho nokubheka emuva ezinkanyezini zasendulo zezinkulungwane zezigidi zeminyaka edlule!
